The Prospective Studies Collaboration is currently supported by the UK Medical Research Council, and was previously supported by the British Heart Foundation and European Union (EU BIOMED). Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55 000 vascular deaths.Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies.Lancet 2002īody Mass Index (BMI) and cause-specific mortality: Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies.The specific aim of the Prospective Studies Collaboration was to establish statistically reliable estimates of the effects of established risk factors (particularly blood pressure and cholesterol, but also body mass index and diabetes) on the risks of dying from specific vascular diseases in different circumstances (eg, at different ages, and at different levels of other risk factors). During 13 million person-years of follow-up there were 120000 deaths including 55000 vascular deaths (34000 ischaemic heart disease, 12000 stroke, 10000 other vascular). These observations can be censored in survival analyses so that participants with different levels of follow-up.In the 1990s, CTSU established a collaborative meta-analysis of data on over one million individuals in prospective observational studies of blood pressure, cholesterol and cause-specific mortality conducted throughout the world, and this provided - for the first time - appropriately reliable and unbiased estimates of the age- and sex-specific relevance of those risk factors to particular causes of death. Participants will fall out of the study due to any number of reasons and attrition can have a negative impact on the generalization of statistical findings. Follow-up with study participants is absolutely necessary to generate valid prospective findings, but it is often the hardest part of conducting these types of designs. A prospective cohort study is where one or more samples (cohort) are followed prospectively and subsequent status evaluations with respect to a disease or. This is especially true as it relates to following participants forward into the future. They can be very time-intensive studies and they can cost much more money that retrospective research designs. There are several caveats associated with using prospective research designs. Lastly, prospective research designs give researchers the opportunity to collect longitudinal data related to disease states, allowing for more understanding of etiological and temporal aspects of disease. Relative risk tends to yield a much more conservative and applicable measure of association, with increased credibility and interpretability. Relative risk is much stronger mathematical calculation in that the risk ratios for exposure and non-exposure groups are directly compared. Prospective research designs allow for researchers to calculate relative risk rather than traditional odds ratios. Prospective research designs yield measures of incidence, or the number of new cases that come into being within a population over a specified time frame. Prospective research designs have many advantages in relation to retrospective research designs. One of the advantages of prospective studies in nutritional epidemiology is that dietary patterns and nutrient intake data are collected before the. Researchers "go back" in time and make statistical inferences based on existing data. In most retrospective studies, the data already exists and needs to be mined in order to test associations. What differentiates prospective studies from retrospective studies is when the data is collected. The study participants are then followed forward in time (into the future) to assess how exposure causes outcomes of interest. When using prospective research designs, researchers start in the present, and build a cohort with participants that are exposed or non-exposed to a given phenomenon or treatment. Prospective research designs are the most powerful types of observational designs.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |